It's the most wonderful time of the year…but it's not without danger.

Winter weather should be enjoyed responsibly. Each year, the West Bloomfield Fire Department responds to climate-related incidents. People and animals falling through the ice on our lakes, carbon monoxide poisoning while trying to heat a poorly ventilated home, and medical emergencies from exposure to the cold. Our crews are ready to help but an ounce of prevention goes a long way. Here is some helpful info to keep you safe.

Temperatures don't need to be freezing for hypothermia to be a concern. Hypothermia is simply what happens when our bodies lose heat faster than we can produce it. Eventually, our body temperature drops so low that we lose the ability to function normally. Shivering when we're cold is normal, but when it is accompanied by slurred speech, confusion and decreased motor function, there is definitely a problem. In later stages of hypothermia, you may notice that the person appears groggy or is even unconscious. These folks require immediate medical attention.

Frostbite is an injury that occurs when skin freezes. If not stopped or reversed, frostbite can lead to permanent damage. In early stages, skin looks red. You may notice the area feeling cold or even numb. If it remains exposed to the cold, that same skin will begin to feel warm and tingly. The affected area will begin to turn white as blood stops circulating there. Later, the skin will appear white or even blue and grey. The damaged skin will be painful and muscles and joints in the area may stop functioning.

Certain groups have a higher risk for hypothermia and frostbite. Anyone with poor blood circulation should be careful. Circulation problems can be caused by an underlying medical condition, but most people experience a decline in their circulatory system as they age. Babies are also at a greater risk. Consuming alcohol or caffeine and using certain recreational drugs can also make you more susceptible to heat loss. Finally, the longer you are exposed to the cold, the more likely you are to experience these adverse effects.

The good news is that hypothermia and frostbite are preventable. First and foremost, keep an eye on the weather. When it's cold, stay inside when possible. If you must go outdoors, make sure you're dressed appropriately. Layers of loose, warm clothing can provide protection. Cover your head and ears with a hat. If you have the option, opt for mittens with a liner instead of gloves. Wear socks and boots with liners that provide insulation and wick the sweat from your skin. Wet skin always gets cold faster than dry skin.

If you find anyone suffering from hypothermia or frostbite, the first step is to stop the exposure to the cold. Bring the person into a warm environment, when possible. If you're stuck outside, do not attempt to warm a frostbitten area if there is the potential for it to refreeze. The next step is to get help.

The West Bloomfield Fire Department is ready to help anyone suffering from weather-related medical emergencies. A call to 911 will get our firefighter/paramedics on the way. They have specialized training and tools to help in nearly any situation. If needed, we can transport you to a hospital emergency department for additional treatment.

Enjoy all that West Bloomfield has to offer this winter. Stay safe and ask for help when you need it. For more information on preparing for cold weather, visit michigan.gov/miready.